Foundation, Concrete and Earthquake Engineering

Toba Supervolcano

The trench is a seam of tectonic plates, the Burma and Sunda on the east, and the India Plate on the west. Deformation along the plate boundary, or subduction zone, resulted in the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and the ensuing deadly tsunami on December 26, 2004.

While our most immediate concern is for the Yellowstone Supervolcano, the Toba Supervolcano and it's historical perspective might just be of greater worldwide concern leading up to 2012. There are lessons that we can learn from these supervolcanos. What happened 74,000 years ago or threabouts in Indonesia, could be triggered again due to several pre-2012 events.

Does anyone remember December 26, 2004? Can you say TSUNAMI?
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Location of Toba Lake
Location of Toba Lake
 
Bridge Interconnecting Mainland to Toba Lake's inhabitants
Bridge Interconnecting Mainland
to Toba Lake's inhabitants
The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake was an undersea earthquake that occurred with an epicentre off the west coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. Sumatra just so happend to be where Toba lake reminds us of what happened to civilization 74,000 years agp. The 2004 earthquake triggered a series of devastating tsunamis along the coasts of most landmasses bordering the Indian Ocean, killing more than 225,000 people in eleven countries, and inundating coastal communities with waves up to 30 meters (100 feet). It was one of the deadliest natural disasters in history.


But that's nothing compared to what Toba did!
It's estimated that the Toba eruption sent so much ash into the atmosphere that is caused the last ice age that didn't end until 10,000 years ago. That would be 64,000 years of really, really COLD weather. The Toba caldera in Indonesia underwent an eruption of category 8 (or "mega-colossal") on the Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI). This released energy equivalent to about one gigaton of TNT, which is three thousand times greater than the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. The end result is that it reduced the world's human population (by 90%) to 10,000 or even a mere 1,000 breeding pairs, creating a bottleneck in human evolution according to a theory by Stanley H. Ambrose of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, in 1998.


Inhabitants Near Toba Lake
Inhabitants Near Toba Lake


And we''re also going to witness a galactic crossing in 2012 too? Is there any good news guys?



There is scientific evidence that the recent earthquake activity in the area of the Java Trench could lead to further catastrophic shifting within a relatively short period of time, perhaps less than a decade. This threat has resulted in international agreements to establish a Tsunami warning system in place along the Indian Ocean coast. Meanwhile back here in the gold old US of A, Bush has authorized drilling another 10,000 oil wells in and around the Yellowstone supervolcano area.

Hello! This is not wise!

Did I mention that there is also a 100,000 mile crack in the earths magnetic field in the Southern Atlantic Ocean? The European Space Agency is sending three satellites in early 2009 to examine this and the over all earth's magnetic field. With 2010-2012 being the peak sun spot activity window, such outbursts of cosmic radiation is not what we need.

Bottom line here is that scientists from all over the world from many different disciplines are seeing things that are coming together between now and 2012 that says we inhabitnats better get on with coming together sooner rather than later.

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