Foundation, Concrete and Earthquake Engineering

JIN MAO TOWER : A Magnitude 7 Earthquakes Resistant Structure

The Jin Mao Tower is an 88-story skyscraper on a 24 000 m² plot of land close to the Lujiazui metro station of the Pudong district of Shanghai.

The building employs an advanced structural engineering system which fortifies it against typhoon winds of up to 200 km/h (with the top swaying by a maximum of 75cm) and earthquakes of up to 7 on the Richter scale. The steel shafts have shear joints that act as shock absorbers to cushion the lateral forces imposed by winds and quakes, and the swimming pool on the 57th floor is said to act as a passive damper.

The 88 floors (93 if the spire floors are counted) are divided into 16 segments, each of which is 1/8th shorter than the 16-story base. The tower is built around an octagon-shaped concrete shear wall core surrounded by 8 exterior composite supercolumns and 8 exterior steel columns.Three sets of 8 two-story high outrigger trusses connect the columns to the core at six of the floors to provide additional support.
JIN MAO TOWER
The foundations rest on 1,062 high-capacity steel piles driven 83.5m deep in the ground to compensate for poor upper-strata soil conditions.

At the time (2006) those were the longest steel piles ever used in a land-based building. The piles are capped by a 4m-thick concrete raft 19.6m underground. The basement's surrounding slurry wall is 1m thick, 36m high and 568m long, and composed of 20,500 m³ of reinforced concrete.

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